I-GSD nezinhlobo ze-drone yenkampani yenethiwekhi zikuthinta kanjani ukunemba okuhlobene kwemodeli ye-3D

Esihlokweni sokugcina Ukuthi amaphuzu okulawula okuphansi kanye nedatha ye-PPK akuthinta kanjani ukunemba okuhlobene kwemodeli ye-3D, sishilo ukuthi ngaphezu kwedatha ye-GCP ne-PPK, i-GSD kanye ne-drone yenkampani yenethiwekhi nazo zinezinga elithile lemiphumela ekunembeni okuhlobene kwe-3D. imodeli.Ngakho senza okunye ukuhlola ukuze sikuqinisekise.

Isilingo 1: umthelela we-GSD ekunembeni okuhlobene kwemodeli ye-3D;

Umbandela 1

I-drone yenkampani yenethiwekhi	Ikhamera ye-Oblique	Ama-GCPs	I-PPK
CW10 VTOL	I-DG4pros	CHA	CHA

Ithebula lomphumela 1:

Inombolo Yezinto	ubude besilinganiso (L0)	Ubude bemodeli ye-3D (L1) GSD=2cm	Ubude bemodeli ye-3D (L2) GSD=1.5cm	I-DS1(L0-L1)	I-DS2 (L0-L2)
1	7.210	7.18	7.20	0.030	0.010
	8.706	8.69	8.65	0.016	0.056
	10.961	10.89	10.90	0.071	0.061
2	7.010	6.88	6.86	0.130	0.150
3	1.822	1.76	1.76	0.062	0.062
4	10.410	10.38	10.37	0.030	0.040
5	10.718	10.65	10.68	0.068	0.038
6	13.787	13.72	13.71	0.067	0.077
7	11.404	11.41	11.38	-0.006	0.024
	12.147	12.13	12.12	0.017	0.027
8	7.526	7.44	7.49	0.086	0.036
	13.797	13.83	13.77	-0.033	0.027
9	10.374	10.35	10.35	0.024	0.024
10	2.109	1.98	2.09	0.129	0.019
	4.281	4.14	4.19	0.141	0.091
11	14.675	14.55	14.64	0.125	0.035
	8.600	8.58	8.57	0.020	0.030
12	13.394	13.36	13.38	0.034	0.014
13	12.940	12.95	12.91	-0.010	0.030
14	7.190	7.21	7.20	-0.020	-0.010
15	13.371	13.36	13.38	0.011	-0.009
	6.435	6.37	6.43	0.065	0.005
16	3.742	3.74	3.70	0.002	0.042
17	6.022	6.03	5.99	-0.008	0.032
18	3.937	3.91	3.94	0.027	-0.003
19	8.120	8.09	8.12	0.030	0.000
	14.411	14.40	14.37	0.011	0.041
20	6.077	6.06	6.04	0.017	0.037
21	13.696	13.68	13.65	0.016	0.046
I-RMSE: DS1=0.0397m,DS2=0.0356m

Umbandela 2

I-drone yenkampani yenethiwekhi	Ikhamera ye-Oblique	Ama-GCPs	I-PPK
CW10 VTOL	I-DG4pros	Yebo	Cha

Ithebula lomphumela 2:

Inombolo Yezinto	ubude besilinganiso (L0)	Ubude bemodeli ye-3D (L1) GSD=2cm	Ubude bemodeli ye-3D (L2) GSD=1.5cm	I-DS1(L0-L1)	I-DS2 (L0-L2)
1	7.210	7.18	7.21	0.030	0
	8.706	8.68	8.68	0.026	0.026
	10.961	10.91	10.87	0.051	0.091
2	7.010	6.92	6.88	0.090	0.13
3	1.822	1.79	1.76	0.032	0.062
4	10.410	10.39	10.38	0.020	0.03
5	10.718	10.66	10.72	0.058	-0.002
6	13.787	13.77	13.79	0.017	-0.003
7	11.404	11.38	11.38	0.024	0.024
	12.147	12.12	12.13	0.027	0.017
8	7.526	7.47	7.53	0.056	-0.004
	13.797	13.83	13.78	-0.033	0.017
9	10.374	10.34	10.37	0.034	0.004
10	2.109	2.03	2.11	0.079	-0.001
	4.281	4.18	4.28	0.101	0.001
11	14.675	14.59	14.67	0.085	0.005
	8.600	8.57	8.58	0.030	0.02
12	13.394	13.35	13.39	0.044	0.004
13	12.940	12.92	12.9	0.020	0.04
14	7.190	7.21	7.19	-0.020	0
15	13.371	13.36	13.37	0.011	0.001
	6.435	6.43	6.42	0.005	0.015
16	3.742	3.72	3.7	0.022	0.042
17	6.022	6.00	5.98	0.022	0.042
18	3.937	3.94	3.91	-0.003	0.027
19	8.120	8.09	8.07	0.030	0.05
	14.411	14.41	14.38	0.001	0.031
20	6.077	6.03	6.04	0.047	0.037
21	13.696	13.65	13.65	0.046	0.046
I-RMSE: DS1=0.0328m,DS2=0.0259m

Umbandela 3

I-drone yenkampani yenethiwekhi	Ikhamera ye-Oblique	Ama-GCPs	I-PPK
CW10 VTOL	I-DG4pros	CHA	YEBO

Ithebula lesi-3 lomphumela:

Inombolo Yezinto	ubude besilinganiso (L0)	Ubude bemodeli ye-3D (L1) GSD=2cm	Ubude bemodeli ye-3D (L2) GSD=1.5cm	I-DS1(L0-L1)	I-DS2 (L0-L2)
1	7.210	7.20	7.20	0.01	0.01
	8.706	8.71	8.69	0.00	0.02
	10.961	10.87	10.88	0.09	0.08
2	7.010	6.89	6.87	0.12	0.14
3	1.822	1.79	1.75	0.03	0.07
4	10.410	10.39	10.38	0.02	0.03
5	10.718	10.67	10.69	0.05	0.03
6	13.787	13.75	13.78	0.04	0.01
7	11.404	11.39	11.38	0.01	0.02
	12.147	12.13	12.12	0.02	0.03
8	7.526	7.51	7.49	0.02	0.04
	13.797	13.79	13.78	0.01	0.02
9	10.374	10.35	10.34	0.02	0.03
10	2.109	2.03	2.02	0.08	0.09
	4.281	4.15	4.21	0.13	0.07
11	14.675	14.61	14.65	0.07	0.03
	8.600	8.60	8.57	0.00	0.03
12	13.394	13.37	13.40	0.02	-0.01
13	12.940	12.88	12.89	0.06	0.05
14	7.190	7.20	7.18	-0.01	0.01
15	13.371	13.36	13.38	0.01	-0.01
	6.435	6.40	6.46	0.03	-0.03
16	3.742	3.75	3.75	-0.01	-0.01
17	6.022	5.97	5.97	0.05	0.05
18	3.937	3.93	3.91	0.01	0.03
19	8.120	8.10	8.08	0.02	0.04
	14.411	14.40	14.38	0.01	0.03
20	6.077	6.04	6.05	0.04	0.03
21	13.696	13.65	13.67	0.05	0.03
I-RMSE: DS1=0.0342m,DS2=0.0328m

Umbandela 4

I-drone yenkampani yenethiwekhi	Ikhamera ye-Oblique	Ama-GCPs	I-PPK
CW10 VTOL	I-DG4pros	YEBO	YEBO

Ithebula lomphumela 4:

Inombolo Yezinto	ubude besilinganiso (L0)	Ubude bemodeli ye-3D (L1) GSD=2cm	Ubude bemodeli ye-3D (L2) GSD=1.5cm	I-DS1(L0-L1)	I-DS2 (L0-L2)
1	7.21	7.21	7.21	0.00	0.00
	8.706	8.68	8.7	0.03	0.01
	10.961	10.90	10.89	0.06	0.07
2	7.01	6.98	6.99	0.03	0.02
3	1.822	1.80	1.78	0.02	0.04
4	10.41	10.40	10.39	0.01	0.02
5	10.718	10.70	10.69	0.02	0.03
6	13.787	13.77	13.76	0.02	0.03
7	11.404	11.39	11.39	0.01	0.01
7	12.147	12.13	12.12	0.02	0.03
8	7.526	7.49	7.51	0.04	0.02
8	13.797	13.81	13.8	-0.01	0.00
9	10.374	10.36	10.35	0.01	0.02
10	2.109	2.02	2.11	0.09	0.00
10	4.281	4.16	4.28	0.12	0.00
11	14.675	14.66	14.68	0.02	0.00
11	8.6	8.54	8.53	0.06	0.07
12	13.394	13.35	13.37	0.04	0.02
13	12.94	12.89	12.91	0.05	0.03
14	7.19	7.18	7.2	0.01	-0.01
15	13.371	13.35	13.35	0.02	0.02
15	6.435	6.41	6.4	0.02	0.03
16	3.742	3.72	3.71	0.02	0.03
17	6.022	5.98	5.98	0.04	0.04
18	3.937	3.89	3.89	0.05	0.05
19	8.12	8.12	8.1	0.00	0.02
19	14.411	14.40	14.39	0.01	0.02
20	6.077	6.03	6.03	0.05	0.05
21	13.696	13.66	13.64	0.04	0.06
I-RMSE: DS1=0.0308m,DS2=0.0249m

Iziphetho

Okuguquguqukayo kokuhlolwa 1 yizi:

1:Nge/Ngaphandle kwedatha ye-PPK.

2:Nge/Ngaphandle kwama-GCP.

3:i-GSD ehlukile: 1.5 cm noma 2cm

Ngemva kokuhlaziywa kwamasethi amane edatha yokuhlola, singafinyelela iziphetho ezilandelayo:

Uma ikhamera ye-oblique i-DG4Pros:

(1) Nge/Ngaphandle kwendawo yokulawula umhlabathi (GCP) kanye nedatha ye-PPK ehilelekile kunxantathu we-AT, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-VTOL noma i-multi-rotor drone, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-GSD ingu-2cm noma 1.5cm, imodeli ye-3D eyakhiwe ikhamera etshekile i-DG4Pros ingahlangabezana nezidingo zephutha lokunemba elihlobene Ds≤10cm(Empeleni ≤5cm).

(2) Uma i-GSD ingukuhluka okukodwa, ukunemba okuhlobene kwemodeli ye-3D ene-GSD=1.5cm kungcono kunaleyo GSD=2cm.

Ukuhlola 2: umthelela wezinhlobo ze-drone yenkampani yenethiwekhi ekunembeni okuhlobene kwemodeli ye-3D

Umbandela 1

Ikhamera ye-Oblique	Ama-GCPs	I-PPK	I-GSD
I-DG4pros	CHA	CHA	1.5cm

Ithebula lomphumela 1:

Inombolo Yezinto	ubude besilinganiso (L0)	Ubude bemodeli ye-3D (L1) CW10	Ubude bemodeli ye-3D (L2) M600Pro	I-DS1(L0-L1)	I-DS2 (L0-L2)
1	7.21	7.20	7.19	0.010	0.02
	8.706	8.65	8.70	0.056	0.01
	10.961	10.90	10.91	0.061	0.05
2	7.01	6.86	6.98	0.150	0.03
3	1.822	1.76	1.79	0.062	0.03
4	10.41	10.37	10.39	0.040	0.02
5	10.718	10.68	10.69	0.038	0.03
6	13.787	13.71	13.76	0.077	0.03
7	11.404	11.38	11.38	0.024	0.02
	12.147	12.12	12.12	0.027	0.03
8	7.526	7.49	7.50	0.036	0.03
	13.797	13.77	13.77	0.027	0.03
9	10.374	10.35	10.33	0.024	0.04
10	2.109	2.09	2.02	0.019	0.09
	4.281	4.19	4.20	0.091	0.08
11	14.675	14.64	14.65	0.035	0.03
	8.6	8.57	8.57	0.030	0.03
12	13.394	13.38	13.35	0.014	0.04
13	12.94	12.91	12.92	0.030	0.02
14	7.19	7.20	7.17	-0.010	0.02
15	13.371	13.38	13.35	-0.009	0.02
	6.435	6.43	6.41	0.005	0.02
16	3.742	3.70	3.70	0.042	0.04
17	6.022	5.99	5.99	0.032	0.03
18	3.937	3.94	3.89	-0.003	0.05
19	8.12	8.12	8.08	0.000	0.04
	14.411	14.37	14.36	0.041	0.05
20	6.077	6.04	6.06	0.037	0.02
21	13.696	13.65	13.65	0.046	0.05
I-RMSE: DS1=0.0356m,DS2=0.342m

Umbandela 2

Ikhamera ye-Oblique	Ama-GCPs	I-PPK	I-GSD
I-DG4pros	YEBO	CHA	1.5cm

Ithebula lomphumela 2:

Inombolo Yezinto	ubude besilinganiso (L0)	Ubude bemodeli ye-3D (L1) CW10	Ubude bemodeli ye-3D (L2) M600Pro	I-DS1(L0-L1)	I-DS2 (L0-L2)
1	7.21	7.21	7.21	0	0.00
	8.706	8.68	8.70	0.026	0.01
	10.961	10.87	10.91	0.091	0.05
2	7.01	6.88	6.98	0.13	0.03
3	1.822	1.76	1.80	0.062	0.02
4	10.41	10.38	10.39	0.03	0.02
5	10.718	10.72	10.70	-0.002	0.02
6	13.787	13.79	13.75	-0.003	0.04
7	11.404	11.38	11.38	0.024	0.02
	12.147	12.13	12.13	0.017	0.02
8	7.526	7.53	7.49	-0.004	0.04
	13.797	13.78	13.79	0.017	0.01
9	10.374	10.37	10.35	0.004	0.02
10	2.109	2.11	2.07	-0.001	0.04
	4.281	4.28	4.21	0.001	0.07
11	14.675	14.67	14.66	0.005	0.02
	8.6	8.58	8.57	0.02	0.03
12	13.394	13.39	13.35	0.004	0.04
13	12.94	12.9	12.93	0.04	0.01
14	7.19	7.19	7.18	0	0.01
15	13.371	13.37	13.36	0.001	0.01
	6.435	6.42	6.42	0.015	0.01
16	3.742	3.7	3.71	0.042	0.03
17	6.022	5.98	6.00	0.042	0.02
18	3.937	3.91	3.91	0.027	0.03
19	8.12	8.07	8.10	0.05	0.02
	14.411	14.38	14.35	0.031	0.06
20	6.077	6.04	6.06	0.037	0.02
21	13.696	13.65	13.67	0.046	0.03
I-RMSE: DS1=0.0259m,DS2=0.256m

Iziphetho

Okuguquguqukayo kokuhlolwa 2 yizi:

1:Nge/Ngaphandle kwama-GCP.

2:I-drone ye-Carrier Ehlukile:i-VTOL Drone noma i-multi-rotor drone

Ngemva kokuhlaziywa kwamasethi amabili edatha yokuhlola, singafinyelela iziphetho ezilandelayo:

Uma ikhamera ye-oblique i-DG4Pros:

(1) Nge/Ngaphandle kwendawo yokulawula umhlabathi (GCP) noma ngabe i-VTOL noma i-multi-rotor drone, imodeli ye-3D eyakhiwe ngekhamera etshekile i-DG4Pros ingahlangabezana nezidingo zephutha lokunemba elihlobene Ds≤10cm(Empeleni ≤5cm).

(2) Uma izinhlobo ze-drone yenkampani yenethiwekhi kuwukuhluka okukodwa, ukunemba okuhlobene kwemodeli ye-3D ene-multi-rotor kungcono kunaleyo nge-VTOL, kodwa umehluko awumkhulu kakhulu.

Okudlule:Ubude befocal buthinta kanjani imiphumela yemodeli ye-3D

Olandelayo:Ukuvumelanisa ukuchayeka

Buyela

RIY amakhamera oblique

Amakhamera welensi eyodwa ye-RIE

Izesekeli

Uchwepheshe

Kungcono kunokukhanya

Yonga isikhathi

Funda ukusebenza ngemizuzu eyi-10

Ikhwalithi ephezulu yesithombe nokunemba

Ukuvumelanisa ukuchayeka

Iqinile futhi iphephile

Ingahlanganiswa nezinhlobo eziningi zama-drones

Ucwaningo/GIS

I-Smart City

Ezokwakha/Ezezimayini

Ezokuvakasha/Ukuvikelwa kwezakhiwo zasendulo

Amasosha/Amaphoyisa

Isihloko

Isilingo 1: umthelela we-GSD ekunembeni okuhlobene kwemodeli ye-3D;

Umbandela 1

Ithebula lomphumela 1:

Umbandela 2

Ithebula lomphumela 2:

Umbandela 3

Ithebula lesi-3 lomphumela:

Umbandela 4

Ithebula lomphumela 4:

Iziphetho

Ukuhlola 2: umthelela wezinhlobo ze-drone yenkampani yenethiwekhi ekunembeni okuhlobene kwemodeli ye-3D

Umbandela 1

Ithebula lomphumela 1:

Umbandela 2

Ithebula lomphumela 2:

Iziphetho

IMIKHIQIZO+

IZICELO+

Isihloko+

Mayelana NATHI+

XHUMANA NATHI