Amaphoyinti okulawula nedatha ye-PPK akuthinta kanjani ukunemba okuhlobene kwemodeli ye-3D

Kulokhu kuhlolwa okubili, sethule okuhlukile okune ukuze siqinisekise ukunemba okuhlobene kwemodeli ye-3D. Izinhlobo ezine ezihlukene yilezi:

1: Izinhlobo ze-Carrier Drone:i-VTOL Drone noma i-multi-rotor drone

2:i-GSD ehlukile

3:Nge/Ngaphandle kwamaphoyinti okulawula phansi

4:Nge/Ngaphandle kwedatha ye-PPK

Isilingo 1: umthelela wezindawo zokulawula umhlabathi (GCPs) ekunembeni okuhlobene kwemodeli ye-3D;

Umbandela 1

I-drone yenkampani yenethiwekhi	Ikhamera ye-Oblique	I-GSD	I-PPK
CW10 VTOL	I-DG4pros	2cm	Yebo

Ithebula lomphumela 1:

Inombolo Yezinto	ubude besilinganiso (L0)	Ubude bemodeli ye-3D (L1) ngaphandle kwe-GCP	Ubude bemodeli ye-3D (L2) ene-GCP	I-Ds1 (L0-L1)	I-Ds2 (L0-L2)
1	7.210	7.20	7.21	0.01	0.00
	8.706	8.71	8.68	0.00	0.03
	10.961	10.87	10.90	0.09	0.06
2	7.010	6.89	6.98	0.12	0.03
3	1.822	1.79	1.80	0.03	0.02
4	10.410	10.39	10.40	0.02	0.01
5	10.718	10.67	10.70	0.05	0.02
6	13.787	13.75	13.77	0.04	0.02
7	11.404	11.39	11.39	0.01	0.01
	12.147	12.13	12.13	0.02	0.02
8	7.526	7.51	7.49	0.02	0.04
	13.797	13.79	13.81	0.01	-0.01
9	10.374	10.35	10.36	0.02	0.01
10	2.109	2.03	2.02	0.08	0.09
	4.281	4.15	4.16	0.13	0.12
11	14.675	14.61	14.66	0.07	0.02
	8.600	8.60	8.54	0.00	0.06
12	13.394	13.37	13.35	0.02	0.04
13	12.940	12.88	12.89	0.06	0.05
14	7.190	7.20	7.18	-0.01	0.01
15	13.371	13.36	13.35	0.01	0.02
	6.435	6.40	6.41	0.03	0.02
16	3.742	3.75	3.72	-0.01	0.02
17	6.022	5.97	5.98	0.05	0.04
18	3.937	3.93	3.89	0.01	0.05
19	8.120	8.10	8.12	0.02	0.00
	14.411	14.40	14.40	0.01	0.01
20	6.077	6.04	6.03	0.04	0.05
21	13.696	13.65	13.66	0.05	0.04
I-RMSE: Ds1=0.0342m,Ds2=0.0308m

Umbandela 2

I-drone yenkampani yenethiwekhi	Ikhamera ye-Oblique	I-GSD	I-PPK
CW10 VTOL	I-DG4pros	2cm	Cha

Ithebula lomphumela 2:

Inombolo Yezinto	ubude besilinganiso (L0)	Ubude bemodeli ye-3D (L1) ngaphandle kwe-GCP	Ubude bemodeli ye-3D (L2) ene-GCP	I-Ds1 (L0-L1)	I-Ds2 (L0-L2)
1	7.210	7.18	7.18	0.030	0.030
	8.706	8.69	8.68	0.016	0.026
	10.961	10.89	10.91	0.071	0.051
2	7.010	6.88	6.92	0.130	0.090
3	1.822	1.76	1.79	0.062	0.032
4	10.410	10.38	10.39	0.030	0.020
5	10.718	10.65	10.66	0.068	0.058
6	13.787	13.72	13.77	0.067	0.017
7	11.404	11.41	11.38	-0.006	0.024
	12.147	12.13	12.12	0.017	0.027
8	7.526	7.44	7.47	0.086	0.056
	13.797	13.83	13.83	-0.033	-0.033
9	10.374	10.35	10.34	0.024	0.034
10	2.109	1.98	2.03	0.129	0.079
	4.281	4.14	4.18	0.141	0.101
11	14.675	14.55	14.59	0.125	0.085
	8.600	8.58	8.57	0.020	0.030
12	13.394	13.36	13.35	0.034	0.044
13	12.940	12.95	12.92	-0.010	0.020
14	7.190	7.21	7.21	-0.020	-0.020
15	13.371	13.36	13.36	0.011	0.011
	6.435	6.37	6.43	0.065	0.005
16	3.742	3.74	3.72	0.002	0.022
17	6.022	6.03	6.00	-0.008	0.022
18	3.937	3.91	3.94	0.027	-0.003
19	8.120	8.09	8.09	0.030	0.030
	14.411	14.40	14.41	0.011	0.001
20	6.077	6.06	6.03	0.017	0.047
21	13.696	13.68	13.65	0.016	0.046
I-RMSE: Ds1=0.0397m,Ds2=0.0328m

Umbandela 3

I-drone yenkampani yenethiwekhi	Ikhamera ye-Oblique	I-GSD	I-PPK
CW10 VTOL	I-DG4pros	1.5cm	Yebo

Ithebula lesi-3 lomphumela:

Inombolo Yezinto	ubude besilinganiso (L0)	Ubude bemodeli ye-3D (L1) ngaphandle kwe-GCP	Ubude bemodeli ye-3D (L2) ene-GCP	I-Ds1 (L0-L1)	I-Ds2 (L0-L2)
1	7.210	7.20	7.21	0.01	0.00
	8.706	8.69	8.7	0.02	0.01
	10.961	10.88	10.89	0.08	0.07
2	7.010	6.87	6.99	0.14	0.02
3	1.822	1.75	1.78	0.07	0.04
4	10.410	10.38	10.39	0.03	0.02
5	10.718	10.69	10.69	0.03	0.03
6	13.787	13.78	13.76	0.01	0.03
7	11.404	11.38	11.39	0.02	0.01
	12.147	12.12	12.12	0.03	0.03
8	7.526	7.49	7.51	0.04	0.02
	13.797	13.78	13.8	0.02	0.00
9	10.374	10.34	10.35	0.03	0.02
10	2.109	2.02	2.11	0.09	0.00
	4.281	4.21	4.28	0.07	0.00
11	14.675	14.65	14.68	0.03	0.00
	8.600	8.57	8.53	0.03	0.07
12	13.394	13.40	13.37	-0.01	0.02
13	12.940	12.89	12.91	0.05	0.03
14	7.190	7.18	7.2	0.01	-0.01
15	13.371	13.38	13.35	-0.01	0.02
	6.435	6.46	6.4	-0.03	0.03
16	3.742	3.75	3.71	-0.01	0.03
17	6.022	5.97	5.98	0.05	0.04
18	3.937	3.91	3.89	0.03	0.05
19	8.120	8.08	8.1	0.04	0.02
	14.411	14.38	14.39	0.03	0.02
20	6.077	6.05	6.03	0.03	0.05
21	13.696	13.67	13.64	0.03	0.06
I-RMSE: Ds1=0.0328m,Ds2=0.0249m

Umbandela 4

I-drone yenkampani yenethiwekhi	Ikhamera ye-Oblique	I-GSD	I-PPK
CW10 VTOL	I-DG4pros	1.5cm	Cha

Ithebula lomphumela 4:

Inombolo Yezinto	ubude besilinganiso (L0)	Ubude bemodeli ye-3D (L1) ngaphandle kwe-GCP	Ubude bemodeli ye-3D (L2) ene-GCP	I-Ds1 (L0-L1)	I-Ds2 (L0-L2)
1	7.210	7.20	7.21	0.010	0
	8.706	8.65	8.68	0.056	0.026
	10.961	10.90	10.87	0.061	0.091
2	7.010	6.86	6.88	0.150	0.13
3	1.822	1.76	1.76	0.062	0.062
4	10.410	10.37	10.38	0.040	0.03
5	10.718	10.68	10.72	0.038	-0.002
6	13.787	13.71	13.79	0.077	-0.003
7	11.404	11.38	11.38	0.024	0.024
	12.147	12.12	12.13	0.027	0.017
8	7.526	7.49	7.53	0.036	-0.004
	13.797	13.77	13.78	0.027	0.017
9	10.374	10.35	10.37	0.024	0.004
10	2.109	2.09	2.11	0.019	-0.001
	4.281	4.19	4.28	0.091	0.001
11	14.675	14.64	14.67	0.035	0.005
	8.600	8.57	8.58	0.030	0.02
12	13.394	13.38	13.39	0.014	0.004
13	12.940	12.91	12.9	0.030	0.04
14	7.190	7.20	7.19	-0.010	0
15	13.371	13.38	13.37	-0.009	0.001
	6.435	6.43	6.42	0.005	0.015
16	3.742	3.70	3.7	0.042	0.042
17	6.022	5.99	5.98	0.032	0.042
18	3.937	3.94	3.91	-0.003	0.027
19	8.120	8.12	8.07	0.000	0.05
	14.411	14.37	14.38	0.041	0.031
20	6.077	6.04	6.04	0.037	0.037
21	13.696	13.65	13.65	0.046	0.046
I-RMSE: Ds1=0.0356m,Ds2=0.0259m

Umbandela 5

I-drone yenkampani yenethiwekhi	Ikhamera ye-Oblique	I-GSD	I-PPK
I-DJI M600 Pro Multi-rotor	I-DG4pros	1.5cm	Cha

Ithebula lesi-5 lomphumela:

Inombolo Yezinto	ubude besilinganiso (L0)	Ubude bemodeli ye-3D (L1) ngaphandle kwe-GCP	Ubude bemodeli ye-3D (L2) ene-GCP	I-Ds1 (L0-L1)	I-Ds2 (L0-L2)
1	7.210	7.19	7.21	0.02	0.00
	8.706	8.70	8.70	0.01	0.01
	10.961	10.91	10.91	0.05	0.05
2	7.010	6.98	6.98	0.03	0.03
3	1.822	1.79	1.80	0.03	0.02
4	10.410	10.39	10.39	0.02	0.02
5	10.718	10.69	10.70	0.03	0.02
6	13.787	13.76	13.75	0.03	0.04
7	11.404	11.38	11.38	0.02	0.02
	12.147	12.12	12.13	0.03	0.02
8	7.526	7.50	7.49	0.03	0.04
	13.797	13.77	13.79	0.03	0.01
9	10.374	10.33	10.35	0.04	0.02
10	2.109	2.02	2.07	0.09	0.04
	4.281	4.20	4.21	0.08	0.07
11	14.675	14.65	14.66	0.03	0.02
	8.600	8.57	8.57	0.03	0.03
12	13.394	13.35	13.35	0.04	0.04
13	12.940	12.92	12.93	0.02	0.01
14	7.190	7.17	7.18	0.02	0.01
15	13.371	13.35	13.36	0.02	0.01
	6.435	6.41	6.42	0.02	0.01
16	3.742	3.70	3.71	0.04	0.03
17	6.022	5.99	6.00	0.03	0.02
18	3.937	3.89	3.91	0.05	0.03
19	8.120	8.08	8.10	0.04	0.02
	14.411	14.36	14.35	0.05	0.06
20	6.077	6.06	6.06	0.02	0.02
21	13.696	13.65	13.67	0.05	0.03
I-RMSE: Ds1=0.0342m,Ds2=0.0256m

Iziphetho

Okuguquguqukayo kokuhlolwa 1 yizi:

1:Nge/Ngaphandle kwedatha ye-PPK.

2:Izinhlobo ze-drone yenkampani:i-VTOL Drone noma i-multi-rotor drone

3:i-GSD ehlukile: 1.5 cm noma 2cm

Ngemva kokuhlaziywa kwamasethi amahlanu edatha yokuhlola, singafinyelela iziphetho ezilandelayo:

Uma ikhamera ye-oblique i-DG4Pros:

(1) Nge/Ngaphandle kwendawo yokulawula umhlabathi (GCP) ehilelekile kunxantathu we-AT, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-VTOL noma i-multi-rotor drone, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-GSD ingu-2cm noma 1.5cm, imodeli ye-3D eyakhiwe ikhamera e-oblique DG4Pros ingahlangabezana izidingo zephutha lokunemba elihlobene Ds≤10cm.

(2) Uma nge/ngaphandle kwama-GCP kuwukuhluka okukodwa, ukunemba okuhlobene kwemodeli ye-3D nama-GCP kungcono kunaleyo ngaphandle kwe-GCP.

(3) Uma i-GSD ingukuhluka okukodwa, ukunemba okuhlobene kwemodeli ye-3D ukuthi i-GSD 1.5cm ingcono kunaleyo GSD 2cm.

(4) Uma i-drone yenkampani yenethiwekhi iwukuguquguquka okukodwa, ukunemba okuhlobene kwemodeli ye-3D ukuthi ukusebenzisa ama-rotor amaningi kungcono kunokusebenzisa i-VTOL njenge-drone yenkampani yenethiwekhi.

Isivivinyo sesi-2:Ngaphandle kwama-GCP, umthelela wedatha ye-PPK ekunembeni okuhlobene kwemodeli ye-3D

Umbandela 1

I-drone yenkampani yenethiwekhi	Ikhamera ye-Oblique	I-GSD	Ama-GCPs
CW10 VTOL	I-DG4pros	2cm	CHA

Ithebula lomphumela 1:

Inombolo Yezinto	ubude besilinganiso (L0)	Ubude bemodeli ye-3D (L1) ngaphandle kwe-PPK	Ubude bemodeli ye-3D (L2) ene-PPK	I-Ds1 (L0-L1)	I-Ds2 (L0-L2)
1	7.210	7.18	7.20	0.030	0.01
	8.706	8.69	8.71	0.016	0.00
	10.961	10.89	10.87	0.071	0.09
2	7.010	6.88	6.89	0.130	0.12
3	1.822	1.76	1.79	0.062	0.03
4	10.410	10.38	10.39	0.030	0.02
5	10.718	10.65	10.67	0.068	0.05
6	13.787	13.72	13.75	0.067	0.04
7	11.404	11.41	11.39	-0.006	0.01
	12.147	12.13	12.13	0.017	0.02
8	7.526	7.44	7.51	0.086	0.02
	13.797	13.83	13.79	-0.033	0.01
9	10.374	10.35	10.35	0.024	0.02
10	2.109	1.98	2.03	0.129	0.08
	4.281	4.14	4.15	0.141	0.13
11	14.675	14.55	14.61	0.125	0.07
	8.600	8.58	8.60	0.020	0.00
12	13.394	13.36	13.37	0.034	0.02
13	12.940	12.95	12.88	-0.010	0.06
14	7.190	7.21	7.20	-0.020	-0.01
15	13.371	13.36	13.36	0.011	0.01
	6.435	6.37	6.40	0.065	0.03
16	3.742	3.74	3.75	0.002	-0.01
17	6.022	6.03	5.97	-0.008	0.05
18	3.937	3.91	3.93	0.027	0.01
19	8.120	8.09	8.10	0.030	0.02
	14.411	14.40	14.40	0.011	0.01
20	6.077	6.06	6.04	0.017	0.04
21	13.696	13.68	13.65	0.016	0.05
I-RMSE Ds1=0.0397m,Ds2=0.0342m

Okudlule:Ukuthi i-chromatic aberration kanye nokuhlanekezela kuyithinta kanjani i-ima

Olandelayo:Ubude befocal buthinta kanjani imiphumela yemodeli ye-3D

Buyela

RIY amakhamera oblique

Amakhamera welensi eyodwa ye-RIE

Izesekeli

Uchwepheshe

Kungcono kunokukhanya

Yonga isikhathi

Funda ukusebenza ngemizuzu eyi-10

Ikhwalithi ephezulu yesithombe nokunemba

Ukuvumelanisa ukuchayeka

Iqinile futhi iphephile

Ingahlanganiswa nezinhlobo eziningi zama-drones

Ucwaningo/GIS

I-Smart City

Ezokwakha/Ezezimayini

Ezokuvakasha/Ukuvikelwa kwezakhiwo zasendulo

Amasosha/Amaphoyisa

Isihloko

Isilingo 1: umthelela wezindawo zokulawula umhlabathi (GCPs) ekunembeni okuhlobene kwemodeli ye-3D;

Umbandela 1

Ithebula lomphumela 1:

Umbandela 2

Ithebula lomphumela 2:

Umbandela 3

Ithebula lesi-3 lomphumela:

Umbandela 4

Ithebula lomphumela 4:

Umbandela 5

Ithebula lesi-5 lomphumela:

Iziphetho

Isivivinyo sesi-2:Ngaphandle kwama-GCP, umthelela wedatha ye-PPK ekunembeni okuhlobene kwemodeli ye-3D

Umbandela 1

Ithebula lomphumela 1:

IMIKHIQIZO+

IZICELO+

Isihloko+

Mayelana NATHI+

XHUMANA NATHI