1.i-chromatic aberration
1.1 Yini i-chromatic aberration
I-chromatic aberration ibangelwa umehluko ku-transmissivity yento. Ukukhanya kwemvelo kwakhiwe indawo yokukhanya ebonakalayo enobubanzi be-wavelength obungu-390 kuya ku-770 nm, kanti okunye kuyi-spectrum iso lomuntu elingakwazi ukukubona. Ngenxa yokuthi izinto ezisetshenziswayo zinezinkomba ezihlukene zokubonisa amaza obude obuhlukahlukene bokukhanya okunemibala, ukukhanya kombala ngakunye kunendawo ehlukile yokucabanga nokukhulisa, okuholela ku-chromatism yokuma.
1.2 I-chromatic aberration iyithinta kanjani ikhwalithi yesithombe
(1) Ngenxa yobude obuhlukene obuhlukene kanye nenkomba ye-refractive yemibala ehlukene yokukhanya, into-iphoyinti alikwazi ukugxilwa kahle libe yiphuzu ELILODWA lesithombe eliphelele, ngakho isithombe sizofiphaliswa.
(2) Futhi, ngenxa yokukhuliswa okuhlukene kwemibala ehlukene, kuzoba "nemigqa yothingo" emaphethelweni ezindawo zesithombe.
1.3 Ngabe i-chromatic aberration iyithinta kanjani imodeli ye-3D
Uma amaphoyinti esithombe "anemigqa yothingo", kuzothinta isofthiwe yokufanisa ye-3D ukuze ifane nephuzu elifanayo. Entweni efanayo, ukufanisa imibala emithathu kungase kubangele iphutha ngenxa “yemigqa yothingo”. Uma leli phutha liqoqana libe likhulu ngokwanele, lizodala "ukuhlukaniswa".
1.4 Ungakuqeda kanjani ukuphuma kwe-chromatic
Ukusetshenziswa kwenkomba ehlukile ye-refractive kanye nokuhlakazeka okuhlukile kwenhlanganisela yengilazi kungaqeda ukungahambi kahle kwe-chromatic. Isibonelo, sebenzisa inkomba ye-refractive ephansi kanye nengilazi ehlakazekayo ephansi njengamalensi ayi-convex, kanye nenkomba ephezulu ye-refractive kanye nengilazi yokuhlakazeka okuphezulu njengamalensi aconcave.
Ilensi enjalo ehlanganisiwe inobude bokugxila obufushane kubude begagasi obumaphakathi nobude bokugxila bude emisebeni yamagagasi amade namafushane. Ngokulungisa i-spherical curvature yelensi, ubude bokugxila bokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokubomvu bungalingana ncamashi, okuqeda ngokuyisisekelo ukuphuma kwe-chromatic.
I-spectrum yesibili
Kodwa ukuphuma kwe-chromatic akukwazi ukuqedwa ngokuphelele. Ngemva kokusebenzisa ilensi ehlanganisiwe, ukuphambuka okusele kwe-chromatic kubizwa ngokuthi "i-spectrum yesibili". Uma ubude bokugxila belensi bubude, kulapho okusala khona ukushintshashintsha kwechromatic. Ngakho-ke, ocwaningweni lwasemoyeni oludinga ukulinganiswa okuphezulu okunembe kakhulu, i-spectrum yesibili ayikwazi ukushaywa indiva.
Ngokombono, uma ibhendi yokukhanya ingahlukaniswa ngezikhawu eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-okuluhlaza okotshani nokubomvu, futhi amasu e-achromatic asetshenziswa kulezi zikhawu ezimbili, i-spectrum yesibili ingaqedwa. Nokho, kuye kwafakazelwa ngokubala ukuthi uma i-achromatic yokukhanya okuluhlaza nokukhanya okubomvu, ukuphambuka kwechromatic kokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuba kukhulu; uma i-achromatic yokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokukhanya okuluhlaza, ukujika kwechromatic kokukhanya okubomvu kuba kukhulu. Kubonakala sengathi lokhu kuyinkinga enzima futhi ayikho impendulo, i-spectrum yesibili enenkani ayikwazi ukuqedwa ngokuphelele.
I-Apochromatic（I-APO）ubuchwepheshe
Ngenhlanhla, izibalo zetiyori zithole indlela ye-APO, okuwukuthola impahla ekhethekile yelensi yokubona ukuhlakazwa kwayo okuhlobene kokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuya ekukhanyeni okubomvu kuphansi kakhulu futhi lokho kokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuya ekukhanyeni okuluhlaza kuphezulu kakhulu.
I-Fluorite iyimpahla ekhethekile, ukuhlakazeka kwayo kuphansi kakhulu, futhi ingxenye yokuhlakazeka kwesihlobo iseduze nezibuko eziningi ze-optical. I-Fluorite inenkomba ye-refractive ephansi uma kuqhathaniswa, iyancibilika kancane emanzini, futhi inekhono elibi lenqubo kanye nokuzinza kwamakhemikhali, kodwa ngenxa yezindawo zayo ezinhle kakhulu ze-achromatic, iba yinto eyigugu yokubona.
Imbalwa kakhulu i-fluorite eyinqwaba emsulwa engasetshenziselwa izinto ezibonakalayo emvelweni, kuhambisana nenani layo eliphezulu nobunzima bokucubungula, amalensi e-fluorite asefana namalensi aphezulu. Abakhiqizi bamalensi abahlukahlukene abawugodli umzamo wokuthola ezinye ezithatha indawo ye-fluorite. Ingilazi enomqhele we-fluorine ingenye yazo, futhi ingilazi ye-AD, ingilazi ye-ED nengilazi ye-UD yizinto ezinjalo ezithatha indawo.
Amakhamera e-Rainpoo oblique asebenzisa ingilazi ye-ED ehlakazekile ephansi kakhulu njengelensi yekhamera ukwenza ukuphambuka nokuhlanekezela kube kuncane kakhulu. Akugcini nje ukunciphisa amathuba okuba ne-stratification, kodwa futhi umphumela wemodeli ye-3D uthuthukiswe kakhulu, okuthuthukisa kakhulu umphumela wamakhona wokwakha kanye ne-facade.
2. Ukuhlanekezela
2.1 Kuyini ukuhlanekezela
Ukuhlanekezelwa kwelensi empeleni igama elivamile lokuhlanekezelwa kombono, okungukuthi, ukuhlanekezela okubangelwa umbono. Lolu hlobo lokuhlanekezela luzoba nethonya elibi kakhulu ekunembeni kwe-photogrammetry. Phela, inhloso ye-photogrammetry iwukukhiqiza kabusha, hhayi ukwenza ihaba, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuthi izithombe kufanele zibonise ulwazi lwesikali sangempela sezici zaphansi ngangokunokwenzeka.
Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi lesi isici esingokwemvelo selensi (i-lens eyi-convex iguqula ukukhanya futhi ilensi econcave ihlukanisa ukukhanya), ubudlelwano obuvezwe ekwakhiweni kwe-optical buwukuthi: isimo se-tangent sokuqeda ukuhlanekezela kanye nesimo se-sine sokuqeda i-coma ye-diaphragm asinakwaneliswa. ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngakho ukuhlanekezela kanye ne-optical chromatic aberration Okufanayo akukwazi ukuqedwa ngokuphelele, kuthuthukiswe kuphela.
Emfanekisweni ongenhla, kunobudlelwano obulinganayo phakathi kobude besithombe nobude bento, futhi isilinganiso phakathi kwakho kokubili ukukhuliswa.
Kusistimu yokuthwebula ekahle, ibanga eliphakathi kwendiza nelensi ligcinwa lingaguquki, futhi ukukhuliswa kuyinani elithile, ngakho-ke kukhona kuphela ubudlelwano bokulinganisa phakathi kwesithombe nento, akukho ukuhlanekezela nhlobo.
Kodwa-ke, ohlelweni lwangempela lokuthwebula izithombe, njengoba ukuphambuka okuyindilinga komsebe omkhulu kuhluka ngokukhula kwe-engeli yasensimini, ukukhuliswa akuseyona into eqhubekayo endizeni yesithombe sepheya lezinto ezihlangene, okungukuthi, ukukhuliswa kwe-engeli yasendle. isikhungo sesithombe nokukhuliswa konqenqema akuhambisani, isithombe silahlekelwa ukufana kwaso nento. Lesi sici esilimaza isithombe sibizwa ngokuthi ukuhlanekezela.
2.2 Ukuhlanekezela kukuthinta kanjani ukunemba
Okokuqala, iphutha le-AT(Aerial Triangulation) lizothinta iphutha lefu eliminyene, bese kuba nephutha elihlobene lemodeli ye-3D. Ngakho-ke, isikwele sempande sencazelo (i-RMS Yephutha Lokuphinda) ingenye yezinkomba ezibalulekile ezibonisa ngokunembile ukunemba kokugcina kwemodeli. Ngokuhlola inani le-RMS , ukunemba kwemodeli ye-3D kungahlulelwa kalula. Uma lincane inani le-RMS, liphakamisa ukunemba kwemodeli.
2.3 Yiziphi izici ezithinta ukuhlanekezelwa kwamalensi
ubude bokugxila
Ngokuvamile, ubude bokugxila belensi egxilile bubude, buba buncane ukuhlanekezela; uma ubude bokugxila bufushane, kukhulu ukuhlanekezela. Nakuba ukuhlanekezelwa kwe-ultra-long focal lens(tele lens) sekuvele kukuncane kakhulu, empeleni, ukuze kubhekwe ubude bendiza kanye neminye imingcele, ubude bokugxila belensi yekhamera yokuhlola emoyeni angeke isikhathi eside kangako.Isibonelo, isithombe esilandelayo i-Sony 400mm telens telens. Ungabona ukuthi ukuhlanekezela kwelensi kuncane kakhulu, cishe kulawulwa ngaphakathi kwe-0.5%. Kodwa inkinga iwukuthi uma usebenzisa le lens ukuze uqoqe izithombe ngesinqumo esingu-1cm, futhi ukuphakama kwendiza sekuvele kungu-820m. let drone ukuze indize kulokhu ukuphakama akunangqondo neze.
Icutshungulwa ilensi
Ukucutshungulwa kwelensi kuyisinyathelo esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu nesinembayo esiphezulu senqubo yokukhiqiza ilensi, ehlanganisa okungenani izinqubo ezingu-8. Inqubo yangaphambili ihlanganisa i-nitrate impahla-umgqomo wokugoqa-isihlabathi ukulenga-ukugaya, futhi inqubo yokuthumela ithatha i-core-coating-adhesion-ink coating. Ukunemba kokucubungula kanye nemvelo yokucubungula inquma ngokuqondile ukunemba kokugcina kwamalensi optical.
Ukunemba okuphansi kokucubungula kunomphumela obulalayo ekuhlanekezeleni kwezithombe, okuholela ngokuqondile ekuhlanekezeni amalensi angalingani, angakwazi ukubekelwa eceleni noma ukulungiswa, okuzothinta kakhulu ukunemba kwemodeli ye-3D.
Ukufakwa ilensi
Umfanekiso 1 ubonisa ukutsheka kwelensi phakathi nenqubo yokufaka ilensi;
Umfanekiso wesi-2 ubonisa ukuthi ilensi ayigxili phakathi nenqubo yokufaka ilensi;
Umfanekiso 3 ubonisa ukufakwa okulungile.
Kulezi zimo ezintathu ezingenhla, izindlela zokufaka emacaleni amabili okuqala konke "okungalungile", okuzobhubhisa isakhiwo esilungisiwe, okuholela ezinkingeni ezihlukahlukene ezifana nokufiphala, isikrini esingalingani kanye nokuhlakazeka. Ngakho-ke, ukulawulwa kokunemba okuqinile kusadingeka ngesikhathi sokucubungula nokuhlanganisa.
Inqubo yokuhlanganisa ilensi
Inqubo yokuhlanganisa ilensi isho inqubo yemojuli yelensi iyonke kanye nenzwa yokuthwebula. Amapharamitha afana nokuma kwephuzu eliyinhloko le-elementi yokuma kanye nokuhlanekezela kwe-tangential kumapharamitha wokulinganisa ikhamera achaza izinkinga ezidalwe iphutha lokuhlanganisa.
Ngokuvamile, uhla oluncane lwamaphutha omhlangano lungabekezelelwa (Yebo, ukuphakama kokunemba komhlangano, kungcono). Uma nje amapharamitha wokulinganisa enembile, ukuhlanekezela kwesithombe kungabalwa ngokunembe kakhudlwana, bese ukuhlanekezela kwesithombe kungasuswa. Ukudlidliza kungabangela nokuthi ilensi inyakaze kancane futhi kubangele ukuthi amapharamitha wokuhlanekezela amalensi ashintshe. Yingakho ikhamera yenhlolovo yasemoyeni evamile idinga ukulungiswa futhi ilinganiswe kabusha ngemva kwesikhathi esithile .
2.3 Ilensi yekhamera etshekile yeRainpoo
Kukabili Gawub isakhiwo
Ukuthwebula izithombe ezitshekile kunezidingo eziningi zelensi, ukuba ibe mncane ngosayizi, ibe nesisindo esincane, ihlanekezelwe isithombe esiphansi kanye ne-chromatic aberration, ukukhiqizwa kombala okuphezulu, kanye nokulungiswa okuphezulu. Lapho iklama isakhiwo se-lens, ilensi ye-Rainpoo isebenzisa isakhiwo se-Gauβ esikabili, njengoba kukhonjisiwe emfanekisweni:
Isakhiwo sihlukaniswe ngaphambili kwelensi, i-diaphragm, nengemuva le-lens. Ingaphambili nangemuva kungabonakala "ku-symmetrical" ngokuphathelene ne-diaphragm. Isakhiwo esinjalo sivumela okunye ukuphambana kwechromatic okukhiqizwa ngaphambili nangemuva ukuthi kukhansele ngaphandle, ngakho-ke sinezinzuzo ezinhle ekulinganisweni nasekulawuleni usayizi welensi esigabeni sakamuva.
Isibuko se-aspheric
Ngekhamera ye-oblique ehlanganiswe namalensi amahlanu, uma ilensi ngayinye iphindwe kabili ngesisindo, ikhamera izoba nesisindo esiphindwe kahlanu; uma ilensi ngayinye iphinda kabili ngobude, ikhamera ye-oblique izoba okungenani kabili ngosayizi. Ngakho-ke, lapho uklama, ukuze uthole izinga eliphezulu lekhwalithi yesithombe ngenkathi uqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhlukana nevolumu kuncane ngangokunokwenzeka, amalensi ase-aspheric kufanele asetshenziswe.
Amalensi ase-aspherical angakwazi ukuphinde agxilise ukukhanya okuhlakazeke endaweni eyindilinga abuyele ekugxilweni, angagcini nje ngokuthola ukulungiswa okuphezulu, enze idigri yokuzala umbala ibe phezulu, kodwa futhi angaqedela ukulungiswa kokuhlukana ngenani elincane lamalensi, anciphise inani lamalensi azowenza. ikhamera ilula futhi incane.
Ukulungiswa kokuhlanekezela ubuchwepheshe
Iphutha enqubweni yokuhlanganisa lizokwenza ukuthi ukuhlanekezela kwe-tangential kwelensi kukhule. Ukunciphisa leli phutha lomhlangano kuyinqubo yokulungisa ukuhlanekezela. Isibalo esilandelayo sibonisa umdwebo wohlelo lokuhlanekezelwa kwe-tangential kwelensi. Ngokuvamile, ukuguqulwa kokuhlanekezela kuyalingana ngokuphathelene nesokunxele esingezansi——ikhona elingaphezulu kwesokudla, okubonisa ukuthi ilensi ine-engeli yokuzungeza i-perpendicular isiqondiso, okubangelwa amaphutha omhlangano.
Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba okuphezulu kwezithombe kanye nekhwalithi, i-Rainpoo yenze uchungechunge lokuhlola okuqinile ekuklanyweni, ukucubungula nokuhlanganisa:
Esigabeni sokuqala sokuklama, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhlangana kokuhlanganiswa kwe-lens, ngangokunokwenzeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izindiza zokufaka amalensi zicutshungulwa ngokucindezela okukodwa;
②Ukusebenzisa amathuluzi okuphenduka ingxubevange angenisiwe kumalethi anembe kakhulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukunemba komshini kufinyelela ezingeni le-IT6, ikakhulukazi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukubekezelela i-coaxiality kungu-0.01mm;
③Ilensi ngayinye ifakwe isethi yamapulaki epulaki ensimbi ye-tungsten enembe kakhulu endaweni eyindilinga engaphakathi (usayizi ngamunye uqukethe okungenani izindinganiso ezi-3 zokubekezelela ezihlukene), ingxenye ngayinye ihlolwe ngokuqinile, futhi ukubekezelela indawo okufana nokufana nokuma kwe-perpendicularity kutholwa ithuluzi lokulinganisa lezixhumanisi ezintathu;
④Ngemva kokuthi ilensi ngayinye isikhiqiziwe, kufanele ihlolwe, okuhlanganisa ukucaca kokuvela nokuhlolwa kweshadi, nezinkomba ezihlukahlukene ezifana nokulungiswa nokukhiqizwa kabusha kombala kwelensi.
I-RMS yamalensi e-Rainpoo i-tec
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